Political ideas are read through historical and material conditions, showing how liberty is reinterpreted across changing institutions and eras.

Examines how sovereignty in postcolonial Malaya and Singapore was enacted through ritual, symbolism, governance, and legitimacy.

Shows how unequal land control and caste hierarchy shaped peri-urban expansion, displacement, and structural inequality in neoliberal cities.

Explains microhistory as a rigorous method linking ordinary lives, fragmentary archives, and larger historical transformations.

Argues that colonial capitalism depended on women's labour across plantations, mines, households, and informal economies.

Critically examines Indian secularism, tracing tensions between constitutional neutrality, party politics, and religious majoritarianism.